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中国大学MOOCBasis Microbiology作业答案

Basis Microbiology

学校: 无

平台: 超星学习通

题目如下：

1. 1. The following are not virus characteristics ( )

A. Each virus contains only one nucleic acid

B. Productive enzyme system

C. The nucleic acid of some viruses can also be integrated into the host genome and induce latent infection

D. No cell structure

答案: Productive enzyme system

2. 2. The following organisms are viruses ( )

A. Bacillus

B. Shigella

C. Tuberculosis

D. Dysentery bacilli phagosomes

答案: Dysentery bacilli phagosomes

3. 3. The characteristics of viruses that are significantly different from other organisms are ( )

A. Infectious

B. Unique breeding mode

C. Small volume

D. Intracellular parasitism

答案: Small volume

4. 4. The nucleic acid type of virus is ( )

A. DNA

B. RNA

C. , DNA and RNA

D. , DNA or RNA

答案: , DNA or RNA

5. 5. The phage that replicates synchronously with the host cell is called ( )

A. Strong bacteriophage

B. Mild bacteriophage

C. Virus

D. Viroid

答案: Mild bacteriophage

6. 6. Chemicals that make up the nucleus and marrow of virus particles ( )

A. Sugar

B. Protein

C. Nucleic acid

D. Fat

答案: Nucleic acid

7. 7. Nucleic acid is the main component of virus ( ) structure

A. Shell

B. Nuclear pulp

C. Coat

D. Both

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8. 8. The nucleocapsid is the main structure of virus particles. Which of the following components is the nucleocapsid composed of ( )

A. Capsules and capsule

B. capsid and nucleic acid

C. Envelope and nucleic acid

D. Nucleic acid and envelope

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9. 9. The phage that causes the lysis of the host cell is called virus.

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10. 10. A virus particle contains both DNA and RNA.

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11. 1. The principle of vaccine is ( )

A. Produce substances that destroy the protein shell

B. The material covered on the spike is produced

C. Substances that destroy nucleic acid are produced

D. Antibiotics are produced

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12. 2. N95 mask and KN95 mask have different effects.

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13. 1. Fermentation is a biological oxidation process with ( ) as the final electron acceptor

A. Oxygen

B. Nitrogen source

C. Inorganic substances

D. Organic matter

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14. 2. Among the six major nutrient elements, carbon source is the nutrient with the largest demand of microorganisms

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15. 3. The culture medium should have six essential nutrients for microbial growth: carbon source, nitrogen source, energy, inorganic salt, growth factor and water

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16. 1. The energy needed for the growth of chemoautotrophic microorganisms comes from the chemical energy released during the oxidation of inorganic substances.

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17. 2. Photoautotrophic bacteria and chemoautotrophic bacteria both use carbon dioxide as carbon source to synthesize cellular organics.

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18. 3. The energy of chemoautotrophic microorganisms are all inorganic compounds in oxidized state.

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19. 1. When preparing heterotrophic microorganism culture medium, only 4-5 of the 6 nutrient elements can be added.

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20. 2. Basic medium can be used to cultivate all types of microorganisms.

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21. 1. A certain bacterium has five generations in 2h, and the generation time of this bacterium is ( )

A. 15min

B. 24min

C. 30min

D. 45min

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22. 2. The most accurate method for counting living microorganisms is ( )

A. Turbidimetry

B. Direct counting with microscope

C. Determination of stem cell weight

D. Plate colony count

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23. 3. The larger the inoculation amount, the shorter the delay period.

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24. 1. The main temperature of fungi and prokaryotes is ( )

A. Near 100 ℃

B. 50-60℃

C. Near room temperature

D. 5-10℃

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25. 2. Psychrophilic bacteria refer to the bacteria that are most suitable for growth under which conditions ( )

A. In oxygen-free environment

B. At pH8 or above

C. At cold temperature

D. Only when the virus exists

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26. 3. Microtrophic bacteria are suitable to grow in which of the following environments ( )

A. In high concentration salt

B. In low concentration oxygen

C. No ATP or glucose

D. Only when there is a virus

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27. 4. According to the different optimum temperatures for microbial growth, microorganisms can be divided into five different types: cold, medium, thermophilic, super thermophilic and extreme thermophilic.

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28. 5. For the same microorganism, the optimum temperature is the optimum temperature for all physiological processes.

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29. 1. The commonly used sterilization method of inoculation ring is ( )

A. Flame sterilization

B. Dry heat sterilization

C. High pressure steam sterilization

D. Intermittent sterilization

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30. 2. In large fermentation plants, the sterilization of culture media is mostly carried out by continuous pressurized steam sterilization with short time and high efficiency, which can be maintained at ( ) temperature for 5-15s generally

A. 121℃

B. 125℃

C. 130℃

D. 135-140℃

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31. 3. The optimum temperature ≠ the culture temperature at the highest growth rate

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32. 4. The optimum growth temperature is the culture temperature at which a certain bacterium has the shortest or the highest growth rate during its division

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33. 1. The first scientist to carry out the transformation experiment of streptococcus pneumoniae is ( )

A. Griffith

B. Avery

C. Hershey

D. Fraenkel-Conrat

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34. 2. For the first time, it is proposed that the material of organism can be divided into two parts: physique and germ plasm, and that germ plasm is a material with stability, continuity and specific molecular structure, which is ( )

A.

B.

C.

D.

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35. 3. The type of gene recombination that does not require cell-cell contact is conjugation and transduction

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36. 4. Inheritance and variation are one of the most essential attributes of organisms

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37. 5. Plasmids can be lost and eliminated by themselves

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38. 6. The so-called conductor is a defective phage with donor gene

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39. 1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus contains ( ) chromosome

A. Article 1

B. Article 2

C. Article 17

D. Article 3

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40. 2. The form of genetic type of organism is specific nucleotide sequence.

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41. 3. Mitochondrial inheritance mainly occurs in eukaryotes.

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42. 4. Genetic material at seven levels of cells includes cells, nuclei, chromosomes, nucleic acids, genes, codons, and nucleotides

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43. 1. The screening of nutrient-deficient cells involves three kinds of culture media, namely ( )

A. Complete medium, supplementary medium, basic medium

B. Natural medium, synthetic medium, semi-synthetic medium,

C. Complete medium, supplementary medium, synthetic medium

D. Natural medium, synthetic medium, complete medium

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44. 2. The three experiments of gene mutation automorphism and non-responsiveness are variable experiment, coating experiment and photocopy experiment.

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45. 3. The vectors used in genetic engineering mainly include plasmids and bacteriophages.

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46. 1. The method of introducing foreign plasmids into bacteria is called ( )

A. Transduction

B. Conversion

C. Transfection

D. Transfer-in

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47. 2. A widely existing gene recombination mode in fungi is ( )

A. Meiosis

B. Mitosis

C. Quasisexual reproduction

D. Protoplast fusion

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48. 3. F plasmid transmits genetic material through ( ).

A. Conversion

B. Transduction

C. Joint

D. Transfection

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49. 4. It is a phenomenon that small fragments of DNA from donor cells are carried into recipient cells through the medium of defective phages, and the latter obtains some genetic traits of the former through exchange and integration.

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50. 5. Combined with artificial methods, the protoplasts of two cells with different genetic characters are fused to determine recombinants.

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51. 1. The principle of Ames experiment is to use the ( ) defective retromutation of Salmonella typhimurium

A. lys

B. val

C. try

D. his

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52. 2. The purpose of keeping the mixture warm in the water bath is to make the oxygenase in the rat liver homogenate show carcinogenicity

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53. 3. Ames test can quickly and accurately detect carcinogens

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54. 4. Common "three causes" refer to carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects

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55. 5. At present, Ames test is not a simple, fast and efficient test to detect whether a sample has "three factors".

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56. 6. A variant of Salmonella typhimurium, which cannot produce histidine by itself, is cultivated by genetic method. This strain cannot grow in the medium without histidine

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57. 7. Ames test is a simple and effective method to detect the presence of chemical carcinogens in the environment or food by using the reverse mutation of bacterial nutrient deficiency.

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58. 8. Mutant test method can be used to quickly identify the carcinogenicity of chemicals, new food additives and new pesticides

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59. 1. For low-temperature preservation of bacteria, ( ) is the best of the following four temperatures

A. 0℃

B. -196℃

C. -20℃

D. -70℃

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60. 2. Which of the following measures can not effectively prevent bacterial degradation ( )

A. Select appropriate medium

B. Reasonable breeding

C. Carry out culture of bacteria as much as possible

D. Use different types of cells for transplantation and passage

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61. 3. The storage period of sand preservation method is the shortest

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62. 4. The preservation of bacterial strains is to give specific conditions to microbial strains to survive and continue according to their characteristics and different purposes of preservation

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63. 5. Strain degradation is mainly caused by culture conditions or strain preservation conditions

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64. 6. The declining strain is a population with serious genetic impurity

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65. 1. The ocean is the largest water body in the world, and the optimum salt concentration of most microorganisms is ( )

A. About 3%

B. About 5%

C. About 10%

D. About 30%

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66. 2. Natural microorganisms are mainly distributed in China ( )

A. Soil

B. Water area

C. Air

D. Organisms

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67. 3. For good drinking water, the total number of bacteria per milliliter should not exceed ( )

A. 1

B. 10

C. 100

D. 1000

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68. 4. The number of microbial groups in clean water ranges from ten to dozens

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69. 5. Soil microorganisms participate in the biophysical changes of almost all microorganisms in the soil

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70. 6. Photosynthetic microorganisms are responsible for producing new biomass in aquatic ecosystems

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71. 7. There are also some conditional pathogenic bacteria in the normal flora of humans and animals

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72. 1. Sterilization of canned food belongs to ( )

A. Disinfection

B. Sterilization

C. Bacteriostasis

D. Commercial sterilization

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73. 2. AFT is not directly carcinogenic. It must be activated by metabolism in animals before causing carcinogenesis.

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74. 3. The cold chain method means that the whole process of transportation, storage, marketing and consumption of milk and other foods are guaranteed to be carried out at low temperature.

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75. 4. Microorganisms grow and multiply rapidly under appropriate temperature and humidity, causing food deterioration, mildew and even various toxins.

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76. 1. The pH value range of alkaliphilic microorganism is ( )

A. 7-7.5

B. 8-10

C. 8-11

D. 9-11

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77. 2. The application of thermophilic bacteria in production and research is mainly due to its high growth rate and strong metabolic activity.

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78. 1. Lichen is intermicrobial ( )

A. Competitive relationship

B. Symbiosis

C. Mutual relationship

D. Parasitic relationship

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79. 2. Among the following microorganisms, which cannot fix nitrogen is ( )

A. Rhizobium

B. Frankia

C. Streptomyces

D. Blue algae

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80. 3. The relationship between N-fixing bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria in soil belongs to ( )

A. Mutual relationship

B. Competitive relationship

C. Symbiosis

D. Parasitic relationship

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81. 1. After the microscope inspection, the lens should be rotated up. First, wipe the oil on the lens with the test paper, and then rub the lens with a little ( ) of the test paper

A. cedar oil

B. Xylene

C. Glycerin

D. 75% ethanol

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82. 2. When using the microscope oil lens, in order to improve the resolution, ( ) is usually added between the lens and the cover glass

A. Xylene

B. Water

C. cedar oil

D. Toluene

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83. 3. Observe rhizopus and penicillium only with low power microscope

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84. 4. The main function of the eyepiece is to magnify the real image obtained from the magnification of the eyepiece again, so as to form a clear real image at the bright distance

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85. 5. The microscope is an optical instrument composed of a lens or a combination of several lenses, which is a sign that mankind has entered the atomic age

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86. 6. In order to save time, you can directly add cedar oil on the staining smear and observe it directly with oil mirror

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87. 1. The key step of Gram staining is ( )

A. Crystal violet (primary dyeing)

B. Iodine solution (mordant dyeing)

C. Alcohol (decolorization)

D. Safranine (re dyeing)

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88. 2. The unique component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria is phosphoteichoic acid

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89. 3. Gram staining is cytoplasmic staining, but it is caused by differences in cell wall structure

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90. 4. The fuel commonly used in Gram dyeing is saffron and Congo red

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91. 5. The cell wall of gram-negative bacteria does not contain phosphoteichoic acid

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92. 1. Containers containing culture media and other liquids should not be inverted during or after binding to avoid pollution and inaccurate liquid content.

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93. 2. The production function of cotton plug: just to prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria

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94. 3. When binding test tubes and flasks, cotton stoppers and silicone stoppers are not required at the mouth of test tubes and flasks

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95. 4. When there are many test tubes, usually 7 or 10 in a group, there is no need to bind them with double-layer newspaper

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96. 5. Wrapping test tubes and triangular bottles shall be wrapped with two layers of newspaper for dry-heat or wet-heat sterilization.

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97. 6. The purpose of inserting cotton into the upper end of the sterile straw is to prevent bacterial liquid from being sucked into the ear wash ball.

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98. 1. Filtration method refers to the method of removing microorganisms by filtration

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99. 2. Filtration sterilization method is not applicable to sterilization of heat-unstable liquid medicine, gas, water and other articles.

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100. 3. Bactericides refer to chemicals that have contact killing effect on microorganisms, which are divided into gaseous bactericides and liquid bactericides

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101. 4. The process conditions for dry heat sterilization are 160-170 ℃/2h

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102. 5. Sterilization refers to the means of killing or removing all the propagules and spores of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms by physical or chemical methods.

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103. 6. Dry heat sterilization refers to the method of sterilization in a dry environment, which does not include flame sterilization and dry heat air sterilization

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104. 1. The error in the flat marking operation is ( )

A. Burn the inoculating ring before each scribing

B. After burning the inoculum ring, use the inoculum ring immediately to prevent contamination of the inoculum ring

C. It should be carried out near the flame of alcohol lamp

D. Before inoculation, the bacterial test tube mouth should be passed through the flame

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105. 2. The inoculation technology that is not suitable for observing bacterial dynamics is ( )

A. Divisional lineation inoculation

B. Inoculation ring

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106. 3. When inoculating or separating microorganisms, pay attention to aseptic operation.

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107. 4. The separation of microorganisms includes three steps: sample dilution, scribing or coating, and culture.

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108. 5. The results of dilution smear plate method can form a single colony on the surface of the culture medium

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109. 6. The results of dilution smear plate method can form a single colony on the surface of the culture medium

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110. 7. Inclined inoculation is a method of inoculating microorganisms from one inclined medium to another inclined medium

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111. 1. Coliform group detection method ( )

A. Lactose fermentation test

B. Gram staining experiment

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112. 2. The coliform group can ferment lactose, produce acid, produce gas, aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative non-spore bacteria

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113. 3. Coliform group cannot be used as an indicator of food contamination by feces

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114. 4. LST broth culture medium tryptone provides carbon and nitrogen sources to meet the needs of bacterial growth

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115. 5. Sodium chloride can break the equilibrium osmotic pressure

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116. 6. The concentration of alcohol disinfection for coliform group test is 75%

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117. 7. UV disinfection requires temperature of 20-40 ℃ and relative humidity below 60%

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118. 8. Gram staining result of Escherichia coli is negative

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119. 1. Is there ( ) small cell in one counting room of the blood cell counting board?

A. 9

B. 25

C. 80

D. 400

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120. 2. What is the volume of the counting room of the blood cell counting board ( ) ml?

A. 1

B. 0.01

C. 0.001

D. 0.0001

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121. 3. After the blood cell counting board is used, the counting room should be wiped with absorbent paper immediately.

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122. 4. Total bacterial count test plan: the total bacterial count of the sample stock solution and the diluent of the sample preparation obtained under sterile operation conditions is determined by the proportional counting method, and the total bacterial count is calculated

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123. 5. The laboratory usually uses a blood cell counting plate to detect the total number of microorganisms

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124. 6. The measurement unit of plate colony count is cfu

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