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作业论文指导，轻松解决学习难题!

超星学习通无医学综合英语作业答案

医学综合英语

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问题 1: 1. Helping your family, friends and neighbors to better understand Alzheimer’s will reduce stigma, improve care, and even help to_______(4 words).

选项:

答案: fight for a cure

问题 2: 2. When more plaques and tangles spread into different regions of the brain, they will ______________________ (5 words) wherever they go.

选项:

答案: kill cells and compromise function

问题 3: 3. Alzheimer’s is a slow _______(1 word) disease of the brain affecting one in ten people over the age of ______(1 word) .

选项:

答案: fatal

问题 4: 4. Hippocampus is the part of the brain where__________________________(4 words).

选项:

答案: memories are first formed

问题 5: 5. From the hippocampus, the disease spreads here to the region of the brain ______________(4 words).

选项:

答案: where language is processed

问题 6: 6. At the last stage, Alzheimer's destroys the part of the brain where it_______ (5 words).

选项:

答案: regulates breathing and the heart

问题 7: 7. When the disease_________(1 word) toward the front of the brain, a person begins to lose the ability to solve problems, __________(2 words) and make plans.

选项:

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问题 8: 1. By 2050, there’ll be about __________ million people in the United States over the age of 80 and __________ million of them will have Alzheimer’s disease.

选项:

A. 30; 15

B. 32; 16

C. 13; 3

D. 32; 3

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问题 9: 2. It is very fascinating that people with neurologic diseases have a very low incidence of ___________.

选项:

A. all cancers

B. heart disease

C. malaria

D. most cancers

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问题 10: 3. Interestingly enough, apart from Alzheimer’s, neurologic diseases which affect very different parts of the brain also show ____________.

选项:

A. angles of misfolded protein

B. angles of misfolded protamine

C. tangles of misfolded protein

D. tangles of misfolded protamine

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问题 11: 4. By 2050, those and other neurologic diseases—for which we have no cure or prevention—cost well over ___________ dollars a year.

选项:

A. a third of a trillion

B. a trillion

C. a third of a billion

D. a billion

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问题 12: 5. For _________ years, the distribution of ages in the human population has looked like a pyramid, with the oldest on top.

选项:

A. 12000

B. 1200

C. 1000

D. 5000

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问题 13: 1. __________________ (2 words) has the effect of reducing your risk for Alzheimer’s disease.

选项:

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问题 14: 2. ______________________ (2 words) lead to Parkinson’s disease.

选项:

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问题 15: 3. ___________________________ (3 words) is also not a good idea.

选项:

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问题 16: 4. When it comes to cognitive effects, “___________________________________” (5 words) applies. It means that you should stay ________________ (2 words).

选项:

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问题 17: 5. To some extent, ____________ (1 word) is protective to Parkinson’s disease.

选项:

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问题 18: 6. You should also keep __________(3 words) down, because ______________ (4 words) is the biggest single risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.

选项:

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问题 19: 1. Which of the following doesn't belong to internal changes associated with aging?

选项:

A. body fat

B. vision and hearing

C. loosening skin

D. brain function

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问题 20: 2. Which of the following is not included in psychological changes associated with aging?

选项:

A. poor memory

B. loss of self-identity

C. receding hairlines

D. fear of the future

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问题 21: 3. The following tips can help the elderly to embrace their successful aging except _______.

选项:

A. Take irregular exercise

B. Don't be stressed out

C. Try to develop the ability to engage with young minds.

D. Make friends

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问题 22: 4. The following steps can enhance vitality of the elderly for successful aging except______.

选项:

A. Regular excercise

B. Good nutrition

C. Strss reduction

D. Stress increase

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问题 23: 1. Which of the following is a major assumption of disengagement theory?

选项:

A. Older people benefit themselves if they continue to play active roles in the society.

B. Older workers are devalued because they are no longer economically productive and because their higher salaries

C. Inequality is common among the aged along gender, race/ethnicity, and social class lines.

D. All societies must find ways for older people's authority to give way to younger people.

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问题 24: 2. ________ is one of the examples to illustrate active theory. .

选项:

A. Zhong Nanshan who acted as a leading advisor in managing the crisis of covid-19 when he was already in his 80s.

B. Robert Havighurst who worked as an expert on human development and aging in 1961.

C. Elaine Cumming and William Earle Henry who worked together to publish Growing Old in 1961.

D. John Bannister Goodenough who studied chemistry in his 60s.

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问题 25: 3. The major consumption of ______ echoes age-based prejudice and discrimination.

选项:

A. active theory

B. disengagement theory

C. conflict theory

D. all of the above

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问题 26: 1. Older persons have worse results of intelligence than the younger persons.

选项:

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问题 27: 2. Older persons seem to have bad memory for things they experienced before.

选项:

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问题 28: 3. Intellect, self-care ability and social competece are equally important in determining an older person's ability to function independently and competently, and to live a rich, rewarding life.

选项:

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问题 29: 4. Both physical and psychological conditions have influence on cognitive changes.

选项:

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问题 30: 5. When taking intelligence tests, older people often feel more anxious than younger persons.

选项:

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问题 31: 1. Which character belongs to interiority？

选项:

A. Cautious.

B. Less circumspect.

C. Impulsive.

D. Curiosity.

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问题 32: 2. Why do we have to consider the stability in the quantity of a personality attribute？

选项:

A. Individuals’ own self-images seem to change relatively little as they age.

B. Absolute stability has been overestimated.

C. Basic personality traits remain relatively consistent throughout one’s adult life.

D. Differential stability indicators cannot determine if traits of personality change.

答案: 请关注公众号【九八五题库】查看答案

问题 33: 3. According to this passage，which of the following is true？

选项:

A. It’s hard to find that people’s friends and family get Alzheimer’s and AIDS dementia.

B. Patients who get mental disorders should be placed in a hospital.

C. Antipsychotic，antidepressant，and anti-anxiety agents could be useful in treating mental disorders.

D. Government should invest in to develop the underlying medical condition.

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问题 34: 4. Which of the following is NOT true about two major schools of thought on personality development?

选项:

A. Some authors contend that little changes in personality structure are observed.

B. Caspi and Baltes argue that the environment may change a person’s personality.

C. Adult personality is more stable than children personality.

D. Some authors hold the view that personality is same to height.

答案: 请关注公众号【九八五题库】查看答案

问题 35: 5. According to this passage，which of the following is NOT true？

选项:

A. Males and females become more similar in terms of their values and personality styles as they age.

B. Adults’ social styles appear to show more difference as they age.

C. It’s hard to know that if people’s change reflects true personality changes or are simply a result of differential role opportunities across the life cycle.

D. People who have stronger personalities may occupy a large part among the elderly.

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问题 36: 1. The genre of the text "Embraced by the Dark Fog of Dementia" is hard news.

选项:

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问题 37: 2. The purpose of the nut graph in such genre as text A is to engage the reader and establish the angle of this article at the very beginning.

选项:

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问题 38: 3. The very beginning "Michael Reyes spends his nights on the carpet of a downstairs family room, a few quick steps from the hospital bed where his mother sleeps. (Para. 1)" portrays a picture about Michael Reyes' hard daily life as a caregiver for his ailing mother

选项:

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问题 39: 1. RAND found that dementia would take a high economic toll than heart disease and cancer by 2040.

选项:

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问题 40: 2. Better education and training on dementia will combat the issue solely.

选项:

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问题 41: 3. More than 15% of Americans (about 3.8 million people) already have dementia.

选项:

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问题 42: 4. Eleanor Reyes was once arrested for attempting to flag down drivers on the freeway.

选项:

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问题 43: 5. Michael was under great pressure for both holding a job and taking care of his mother.

选项:

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问题 44: 6. Hurd estimated that unpaid care cost the labor market around $50 billion a year in lost work hours.

选项:

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问题 45: 7. Dementia has a full economic drag which may not be fully understood.

选项:

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问题 46: 8. Dementia and the demands it places on family caregivers represents a looming crisis.

选项:

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问题 47: 9. If the rate of dementia slows, the overall number of people getting sick will slow with it.

选项:

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问题 48: 10. The nation's heavy reliance on family caregivers will not be sustainable.

选项:

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问题 49: 1. Each year thousands of people receive a lifesaving organ transplant, with thousands of people receiving life-changing tissue transplants such as a cornea to help them see again, or a bone transplant to help _______

选项:

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问题 50: 2. Many conditions and illnesses can lead to an organ ________

选项:

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问题 51: 3. If this is the case, you will be ________ to see if an organ transplant is the best _______________ for you.

选项:

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问题 52: 4. For patients and their families, the wait on the transplant list can be long and __________

选项:

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问题 53: 5. Often it's when someone can't be saved after a serious accident or sudden _______________ , such as a _________ or brain _________

选项:

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问题 54: 6. The decision to donate organs will only be made after the patient's family and doctor have discussed, and agreed, that _________ is no longer possible and to withdraw __________ treatment.

选项:

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问题 55: 7. Or, if the patient has been declared dead through ______________ death tests and is still on a _________ .

选项:

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问题 56: 8. Organs are matched and offered based on different factors including waiting time, urgency and clinical reasons such as ___________ , _________ and _____________

选项:

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问题 57: 1. A private company, called Life Sharers, aims to provide organs to all.

选项:

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问题 58: 2. Organs are "no use" to dead people.

选项:

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问题 59: 3. No matter whether the medical routine study is on the dead body or experimentation on living individuals, such "violation" aims to save people.

选项:

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问题 60: 4. Undoubtedly organ transplantation has no disadvantage because it can save individuals and relieve suffering.

选项:

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问题 61: 5. The decision about whether to become organ donors might be affected by individual's moral assessment of organ allocation.

选项:

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问题 62: 1. What aspects are involved in the public discussion about the ethics of organ transplantation?

选项:

A. The human significance of removing organs from both living and cadaveric donors.

B. The criteria for determining when death occurs and when the decedent’s organs might be taken.

C. Whose wishes should ultimately decide whether organs are used or not used.

D. All of the above.

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问题 63: 2. Which of the following sentences is true according to the text?

选项:

A. The Uniform Anatomical Gifts Act of 1968 granted doctors the right to decide whether they wish the patients to donate their organs.

B. The Organ Transplantation Act of 1984 aimed to encourage organ donation by establishing an organized organ matching and procurement network.

C. The two acts sought to protect patients' benefits of organ transplantation separately.

D. The two acts tried to preserve certain ethical limits while treating body as recycled resources.

答案: 请关注公众号【九八五题库】查看答案

问题 64: 3. What has prompted a renewed debate about whether monetary incentives should be used to increase organ supply?

选项:

A. The desperation of watching many people die every year while waiting for organs.

B. The fact that many lives have been saved that would not have been in other ways.

C. The phenomenon that many people have given themselves to save other people’s lives.

D. The belief that the human body has not been reduced to mere property.

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问题 65: 4. What do the books and articles about organ transplantation claim?

选项:

A. Formal recognition of donors with commemorative medals should be provided to donors.

B. Tax credit should be offered to individuals who donate organs.

C. The current organ procurement system is a failure and it is time to explore a market-based system to solve the organ supply problem.

D. Reimbursement of the costs incurred by living donors should be offered.

答案: 请关注公众号【九八五题库】查看答案

问题 66: 5. What is the most important part of the human context for considering organ transplantation?

选项:

A. The different organ procurement policies.

B. The dignity and integrity of the human body.

C. The uselessness of the human body after death.

D. The grace and excellence human beings experience.

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问题 67: 6. What might be the result if people only aim to save the most possible lives while inflicting the least harm on the living?

选项:

A. There would not be great suffering that cannot be ameliorated because of organ shortage.

B. People would deny the great good that has come from organ transplantation.

C. Society would simply take all available organs and treat dead bodies as a public resource.

D. The doctors would not do any harm even when great good might come from it.

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问题 68: 7. What is NOT one of the questions that people need to consider when it comes to organ transplantation?

选项:

A. Whose wishes should finally decide whether organs are taken?

B. Who will be responsible if there is some rejection after the transplantation?

C. Do siblings or parents have a moral obligation to donate organs to their siblings or children?

D. Are there legitimate moral reasons not to be an organ donor?

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问题 69: 8. People need to bear in mind three caveats when considering the systems governing the procurement of cadaveric organs. These caveats include all of the following EXCEPT____?

选项:

A. it is not easy in practice to separate the debate over organ procurement from the debate over organ allocation

B. many proposed policies are untested hypotheses and their claims can neither be written off in advance nor accepted at face value

C. it is impossible to separate the ethical-political debate over cadaveric organs from the debate over living organ donation

D. the possibility of organ transplantation has created new kinds of pressures and new forms of suffering

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问题 70: 9. How should we think about the meaning of organ transplantation in its fullness?

选项:

A. We should think about organ donation as a gift of life and organ retrieval as a violation of the human body.

B. We should think about organ transplantation as a noble form of cannibalism.

C. We should think about the organ shortage as a tragedy for those individuals and families that wait for organs.

D. All of the above.

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问题 71: 10. What is the guiding principle of the policy of “unrestricted autonomy”?

选项:

A. Individuals own their bodies as a possession and only they can weigh the risks versus benefits, when it comes to how their organs are treated.

B. All cadaver organs would be retrieved regardless of the wishes of the deceased or their family.

C. The body ought not to be turned into a thing.

D. The activity of mourning must not be influenced by removing the deceased individual’s organs.

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问题 72: 1. Organ transplant is the transfer of a ________or an ________, alive or dead, _______ an individual, __________ individuals of the ________ species or different species.

选项:

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问题 73: 2. The first human-to-human _______ transplant was performed by South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard in 1967.

选项:

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问题 74: 3. ____________are the major types of organ transplant that have been performed clinically.

选项:

A. autograft

B. monograft

C. xenograft

D. allograft

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问题 75: 1. In China, _________ is entrusted as the third party to promote and oversee the organ donation.

选项:

A. Organ Procurement Organization

B. National Association of Organ Transplant

C. The Red Cross Society

D. China Organ Transplant Responsive System

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问题 76: 2. Introduced to China from the west, organ transplantation has gone through stages of clinical trial and application and has gradually evolved to become an ________ (two words) to some terminal disease.

选项:

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问题 77: 1. The second part of the text is dedicated to the discussion of ________.

选项:

A. the status quo of the organ donation and transplant in America

B. different systems for governing the procurement of cadaveric organs

C. the human context within the organ donation and transplantation

D. the obligations and limits of medicine

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问题 78: 2. Of the three major types of the literary form, ________ is basically to tell a story in detail.

选项:

A. argumentation

B. exposition

C. interpretation

D. narration

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问题 79: 3. As an expository essay prepared for the discussion of the State Council, the ongoing essay use the rhetorical device of ________ to enhance the strength of persuasiveness.

选项:

A. repetition and examplification

B. validity of facts and dialectical logic

C. antithesis and fragmentation

D. punning and sarcasm

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问题 80: 1. According to the analysis of the first sentence of Para. 1, ________ is the yardstick of the policy choices of organ donation and transplantation.

选项:

A. ethics of organ transplant

B. wishes for donating the organs

C. criteria for organ procurement

D. obligation of medicine

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问题 81: 2. The rhetorical device employed in the underlined part of the sentence “The obligation to heal- as fundamental as it is to the good life and good society- exist in concert and sometimes in conflict with other human values…” is called __________.

选项:

A. assonance

B. rhyme

C. onomatopoeia

D. alliteration

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问题 82: 3. Which of the following human values does organ transplant sometimes exist in conflict with?

选项:

A. autonomy

B. beneficence

C. justice

D. nonmaleficence

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问题 83: 4. The writer lists the following aspects to demonstrate the inseparability between the identity and body.

选项:

A. The dilemma that our bodies are naturally designed to fail us with weariness and diseases.

B. The humor arises when our bodies refuse to follow our mind.

C. The graceful movements that can only be rendered by our bodies.

D. The bodily activities to convey emotions and to extend the history of humans.

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问题 84: 1. According to the "giving and receiving" system, in practice, the decision of the donor's family is generally respected.

选项:

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问题 85: 2. It is certain that the "honoring and shaming" system can increase the organ supply.

选项:

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问题 86: 3. According to the public compensation, any form of payment should not be private and be separated from the organ allocation for the sake of equity of organ allocation.

选项:

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问题 87: 4. There is not any worry about the "routine retrieval."

选项:

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问题 88: 5. In the author's opinion, when we seek to increase the organ supply, we should take ethical limits into consideration.

选项:

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问题 89: 1. What is the greatest disadvantage of “giving and receiving” system?

选项:

A. It respects both the prior wishes of the individual who has died and the wished of the family.

B. It does not result in a sufficient number of cadaveric organs for all who would benefit from them.

C. It prevents the commodification of the body and perverse incentives for self-mutilation.

D. It ensures that individuals can decide before death whether they wish to donate their organs.

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问题 90: 2. What is the reason for the proposal of publicly honoring organ donors?

选项:

A. People believe that donation to save life is a civic duty, not just a philanthropic option.

B. People who do not wish to donate their organs will not deserve others’ donation.

C. People regard donation as less an other-regarding gift and more a self-regarding act.

D. People have morally legitimate and admirable excuse for not donating their organs.

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问题 91: 3. What is the primary goal of publicly compensating individuals for donating their organs?

选项:

A. To make people reflect on the difference between donors and nondonors.

B. To open doors to a greatly increased commodification of the body.

C. To increase organ supply by motivating more individuals to allow their organs to be retrieved.

D. Tot change the character of organ procurement.

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问题 92: 4. What argument do the advocates for organ markets hold?

选项:

A. Organ markets can increase organ supply, though not respecting the cadaveric bodies.

B. Organ markets will help individuals decide whether to sell their organs before death.

C. Organ markets make it fair for everyone in the transplantation business to make money.

D. Organ markets are more efficient than public compensation by allowing the price for different body parts to shift with changing supply and demand.

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问题 93: 5. Which of the following is the tragic nature of all the policy proposals?

选项:

A. Some goods are inevitably given up in order to preserve other goods that are deemed to be ore important.

B. There are dangers of turning the bodies of poor people into just less valuable commodity.

C. People’s attitude about organ transplantation may be affected to worse.

D. The ethical and prudential judgments may render the public policy much more complex.

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问题 94: 1. Despite the fact that there are different ways to treat tinnitus nowadays, the combination method is still the preferred one.

选项:

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问题 95: 2. It is hard to treat chronic diseases, for it takes a lot of time to go into the process and find new ways for the patients.

选项:

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问题 96: 3. It is very rare for a patient recovering from tinnitus to claim he would like to have it back.

选项:

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问题 97: 4. Dr. Parwis Mir-Salim mentions three kinds of alternative complementary treatments and thinks they are not really evidence-based.

选项:

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问题 98: 5. The best way to get rid of tinnitus symptoms is to rest his ears and go to silent places.

选项:

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问题 99: 1. Animal testing is when _______ animals are used in experiments. Animals can be tested on in numerous different experiments, including to determine the _________.

选项:

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问题 100: 2. There is also moral argument that animal testing is acceptable because animals are ______________ humans because they lack _________ and reason.

选项:

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问题 101: 3. Proponents of Animal Testing argue that it is ______ right as it has helped with the development of many ________ treatments for both humans and animals.

选项:

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问题 102: 4. Opponents would argue that we are not that similar to the animals that are tested on, we are bigger, have different ______, making testing on them _____________.

选项:

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问题 103: 5. Proponents argue on the other hand that animal testing saves money as it avoids _______ and the cost of drugs having to be remade if they fail human ______.

选项:

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问题 104: 1. In the 19th century, animal experiments were being increasingly prompted by existing ________ problems, and carried out with the ultimate goal of developing new ___________ approaches.

选项:

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问题 105: 2. Opposition to animal experiments _________ in the second half of the twentieth century, in particular after the 1975 publication of Animal Liberation by Australian philosopher Peter Singer (born 1946).

选项:

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问题 106: 3. Seventeenth-century physiology would mark the dawn of modern scientific inquiry in the life sciences with animal experiments having been proven to be more _________ and _________ for obtaining scientifically sound knowledge on basic biological processes than ever before.

选项:

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问题 107: 4. The 3R principles of __________ are now used as an ethical framework for improving laboratory animal welfare throughout the world.

选项:

A. replace

B. recycle

C. refine

D. reduce

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问题 108: 5. Compared to other experimental animals, rodent models have the following advantages:

选项:

A. small and easy to handle

B. relatively cheap to house

C. highly resistant to successive inbreeding

D. rapid reproduction rate

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问题 109: 1. According to the anti-speciesism, since most animals are believed to have the _____________of psychological experiences, they should be granted with a membership in ________ community, with this membership here comes the moral _______.

选项:

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问题 110: 2. According to Rene Descartes, because of the capability of ________, mankind is ___________ to animals，while animals in absence of thinking capability are not different from _________ or machines which are_________, senseless.

选项:

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问题 111: 3. Armed with utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham considered animal research acceptable, provided the experiment could _________ the pain and suffering of animals while __________ the benefit for humans.

选项:

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问题 112: 4. Beginning from the early 19

选项:

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问题 113: 5. The first part of the text begins with a telling of ________ origin in the __________ of living animals and the use of _________ by the most prominent physician of antiquity.

选项:

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问题 114: 1. Why did Bernard's argument appear less compelling?

选项:

A. Because only human beings were endowed with capabilities of experiencing pain or pleasure.

B. Because only human beings were endowed with capabilities of assessing moral righteousness.

C. Because Jeremy Bentham questioned whether animals truly lacked the capacity of experiencing pain or pleasure.

D. Because of the Cartesian notion.

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问题 115: 2. Which description about the Cruelty to Animal Act of 1876 is NOT correct?

选项:

A. It did not prohibit all animal vivisection.

B. It required the use of anesthetics for many types of animal experimentation.

C. It was established by the public reform campaign.

D. It was to govern the keeping of animals.

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问题 116: 3. Why does the author say “there was clear consensus that the practice of animal vivisection was not unethical" (Para. 3)?

选项:

A. Because anesthetics were best understood in animal vivisections.

B. Because anesthetics were mostly used in animal vivisections.

C. Because the medical benefits of using animals in research were clear during this period.

D. Because the medical benefits of using animals in research were waiting to be found out during this period.

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问题 117: 4. How to understand the word “speciesism" in Paragraph 10?

选项:

A. Dismissing animals' experiences of pain or sufferings as morally irrelevant, without providing a principled reason for such differential treatment amounts to a form of “speciesism.”

B. Like racism or sexism, speciesism is intended to evoke the idea that it is morally indefensible to treat members of an entire category differently solely because they are members of that category.

C. The use of animals in medical research is morally indefensible if there is not enough substantive criteria.

D. All of the above.

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问题 118: 5. Which of the following is the accomplishment in the use of animals in modern medical research?

选项:

A. The development of a vaccine for rabies

B. The treatment of diphtheria

C. The advances in immunology and the study of infectious diseases

D. All of the above

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问题 119: 6. Which of the following statements is true?

选项:

A. Utilitarians do not assert that animals have moral rights in the way envisioned by those who appeal to speciesism.

B. Utilitarians maintain that all animal experimentations are morally permissible.

C. Speciesists maintain that all animal experimentations are objectionable.

D. Speciesists maintain that only human beings could experience pain and sufferings.

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问题 120: 7. What do paragraphs 8 & 9 try to tell us?

选项:

A. A researcher's moral sentiment might become deadened if he/she is exposed to animal sufferings for a very long time.

B. It is very likely that a researcher who has done animal experiments for so long might deliberately hurt a human being.

C. A sense of fraternity among all living things has been gradually recognized.

D. All of the above.

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问题 121: 8. The emergence of The Society for the Protection of Animals Liable to Vivisection is to ________.

选项:

A. minimize the pain and sufferings for the animal

B. criticize the defenders of animal experimentation

C. develop a force for anti-vivisection movement.

D. all of the above

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问题 122: 9. In paragraph 4, Bernard argued that animal experimentation was ethically acceptable because _________.

选项:

A. animal experimentation was essential to the relief of human suffering

B. animal experimentation was essential to the eternity of human life

C. animal experimentation was essential to the keeping of domestic pets

D. animal experimentation was essential to the availability of the general anesthetics

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问题 123: 10. What does the sentence "These early vivisections appear to have been done mostly for exploratory purposes to describe the inner workings of animals" (Para. 1)mean?

选项:

A. The early vivisections were done to find out how the animals work inside the lab.

B. The early vivisections were done to find out how the animals work under people's inspection.

C. The early vivisections were done to find out the mental work of the animals.

D. The early vivisections were done to find out the anatomical structures and physical functions of the animals.

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问题 124: 1. Many federal and private funds are used to support medical research involving the use of animals.

选项:

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问题 125: 2. The increasing numbers of experimental animals required to conduct biomedical researches are justified.

选项:

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问题 126: 3. Several decades worth of experience with current regulations regarding the use of animals in biomedical research has produced a strong moral consensus for these practices. Researchers who fail to comply with those regulations should expect to be judged by their peers as unprofessional, to be subject to various institutional sanctions.

选项:

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问题 127: 4. The public are satisfied with the detailed regulations governing the use of animals in biomedical researches.

选项:

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问题 128: 5. There is a small enclave of passionate individuals committed to the idea that all animal research is inherently unethical.

选项:

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问题 129: 6. The Animal Liberation Front is the organization to supervise the use of animals in biomedical researches.

选项:

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问题 130: 1. The animal testing cannot pioneer effects that are advantageous to the heath of individuals.

选项:

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问题 131: 2. Without animal testing, human would not have mastered so much knowledge about medicine.

选项:

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问题 132: 3. People can understand more about the animals and human being itself by animal testing.

选项:

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问题 133: 4. Millions of people were killed by smallpox and rabies before the 20th century because there was no cure for these diseases.

选项:

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问题 134: 5. Animals kept in cages in medicine laboratories suffer more from physical pain than from anxiety, stress and fear.

选项:

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问题 135: 1. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

选项:

A. Animal testing is necessary to test the latest medicines.

B. Animal testing doesn't violate the animal's right because we only use them to test the latest medicine.

C. The use of animals as test subjects in scientific research has provided spectacular improvements in our understanding of human psychology.

D. Without animal testing, it is certain that much of what is known today towards the eternity of life would remain closed off to us.

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问题 136: 2. Which of the following statements is NOT the benefit of animal testing?

选项:

A. By using animals in biomedical investigations and research, scientists have been able to resolve many medical troubles that humans have been fighting for many years.

B. Researchers are able to help human beings survive by killing animals.

C. Researchers have developed vaccines by using animal testing.

D. Animal testing has been playing important roles in producing new medicines.

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问题 137: 3. Which statement about Descartes is true according to the text?

选项:

A. He is a French philosopher, mathematician and scientist.

B. He thought that animals do not have minds.

C. He said that animals are like machines created by God in order to please human beings.

D. All of the above.

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问题 138: 4. What kind of physical pains do testing animals have to suffer?

选项:

A. Animals are often being injected carelessly or exposed to excessive amount of poisonous substances.

B. Animals are hit or kicked.

C. Animal are not well fed and their cages are not cleaned regularly.

D. All of the above.

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问题 139: 5. According to the text, the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) is one of the most extreme animal-right advocate organizations because

选项:

A. it has caused more than 1,200 violent acts since 1900

B. it carried out a booming act in Cambridge, Massachusetts, near Boston

C. it has caused millions of dollars damage

D. all of the above

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问题 140: 1. _____________ technology consists of growing cells inside of tiny chips that mimic the structure and behavior of human organs.

选项:

A. 3D-printing

B. Organ-on-a-chip

C. Organ-computation

D. Tissue-bioprinting

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问题 141: 2. Which of the following technologies can provide researchers with a more accurate perception of how drugs react in body as a whole?

选项:

A. organoid

B. cell culture

C. bio printing

D. cell computation

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问题 142: 3. During the last century, we had a proliferation of medical innovations aimed at improving_________.

选项:

A. quality of life

B. treatment options

C. diagnosis

D. life expectancy

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问题 143: 4. The top great innovations in medical industry can be found in ________.

选项:

A. medications

B. medical devices

C. therapeutical interventions

D. technology

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问题 144: 5. Animal experimentation is performed for the purpose of ________.

选项:

A. biomedical training and education

B. testing the safety of product

C. biomedical research

D. testing the security of digital device

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问题 145: 1. Which of the following is correct about empathy?

选项:

A. Empathy is a kind of medical intervention.

B. Making eye contact is always important in all cultures to show the doctor's empathy.

C. The doctor can not really share the experience of having the pain with patients.

D. Doctors' connections with patients' experiences may be the most important thing during the session.

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问题 146: 2. According to the video, which of the following is not the factor in awkward medical appointment?

选项:

A. The doctor may fail to make accurate diagnosis.

B. The patient does not know how to ask for what he or she really wants from the doctor.

C. The doctor can not get the message across to the patient in a right way.

D. The doctor and the patient have different communication styles.

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问题 147: 3. The suggestions mentioned in this video for doctors to build empathy with their patients are to _________, _________, _________ and ________.

选项:

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问题 148: 4. Although it may do little to build up the patients' confidence in their doctors, the doctors still need to find their ways to be attentive and empathetic.

选项:

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问题 149: 1. According to the video, what was made clear in the Hippocratic Oath?

选项:

A. Doctors should work for the benefit of the patients.

B. Doctors must adhere to high standards.

C. Newly qualified doctors take a form of the Hippocratic Oath.

D. Doctors should respect their teachers.

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问题 150: 2. In what way did Hippocrates and other Greek doctors start to study medicine?

选项:

A. By studying the nature

B. By conducting the research

C. By looking for the treatment

D. By recording their observations

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问题 151: 3. What did Hippocrates stress in his medical practice?

选项:

A. Medical records should be kept for future reference.

B. Doctors were more likely to find the correct cure.

C. Doctors should keep the medical knowledge to themselves.

D. Doctors should keep the secrets of the patients.

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问题 152: 4. Hippocratic Collections is a compilation of 70 books that contained detailed lists of ________ (1 word) and ________ (1 word).

选项:

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问题 153: 5. The significance of the Theory of Four Humours is that it removed the role of ______ (1 word) & _______ (1 word) in individual illnesses.

选项:

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问题 154: 1. The patient will be able to work on an emotional aspect if the pain is well controlled.

选项:

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问题 155: 2. The patient thinks it is not enough for the nurse’s just being with him.

选项:

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问题 156: 3. Nurses sometimes assess the patients’ condition which can help doctors understand the physiologic effects as well as the psychosocial issues.

选项:

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问题 157: 4. Nurses also have to help doctors decide when to give medicine to patients.

选项:

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问题 158: 5. The nurse is crying in the car for her powerlessness in the suffering of the patient.

选项:

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问题 159: 6. Nurses are not so good at providing good pain control as the family members.

选项:

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问题 160: 7. Why is the pain the first thing that the nurses will address?

选项:

A. Because pain makes the patient suffer.

B. Because the patient requires to address the pain first.

C. Because the patient will not be able to work on an emotional aspect if the pain is not well controlled.

D. Because nurses are trained to control pain first.

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问题 161: 8. What is the function of nurses?

选项:

A. To provide treatment

B. To provide good pain control and excellent palliative care

C. To provide care and love

D. To provide anything asked by the patient

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问题 162: 1. Which of the following are disciplines involved in medical law?

选项:

A. Law

B. Ethics

C. Public health

D. All of the above

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问题 163: 2. What is the characteristic of medical malpractice?

选项:

A. The standard of care is violated.

B. An injury was caused by reasonable treatment.

C. The injury resulted in minor damage.

D. It always causes unusual pain.

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问题 164: 3. Which of the following is common example of medical malpractice?

选项:

A. Missed, delayed, or wrong diagnoses

B. Surgical errors or wrong site surgery

C. Unreasonable delay in treating

D. All of the above

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问题 165: 4. Which of the following are the principles of medical ethics?

选项:

A. Justice

B. Beneficence

C. Autonomy

D. Sincerity

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问题 166: 1. People do not have to worry about the relationship between one’s living will and his / her insurance premiums since the law prohibits the insurance company to adjust their rates based upon a living will.

选项:

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问题 167: 2. The Federal Patients Self Determination Act only concerns about the patients' rights: patients should be informed by the medical institutes of their rights.

选项:

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问题 168: 3. In the past, there was one kind of medical care models called the Theocratic Model. In this model, patients are like God and have all the answers.

选项:

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问题 169: 4. Because of the Adult Health Care Decisions Act, people in Minnesota do not have any question or concerns about the living will any more and are willing to accept it without any hesitation.

选项:

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问题 170: 5. According to Dale Lucas, the living will is totally unnecessary at all since Durable Powers of Attorney is a legitimate option for health care decisions.

选项:

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问题 171: 1. What can a living will tell your physician or health care provider?

选项:

A. What types of treatment you want if you become terminally ill.

B. What types of treatment you do not want if you become terminally ill.

C. To name a person as a proxy to make these health care decisions for you.

D. All of the above.

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问题 172: 2. _______ is often used to represent a real or suspected imminent loss of life, for example, the patient has stopped breathing and his heart has stopped beating.

选项:

A. Code Blue

B. Code Red

C. Code Orange

D. Code Black

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问题 173: 3. Which of the following statements about a durable power of attorney is NOT true?

选项:

A. It is a signed, dated and witnessed paper.

B. A durable power of attorney is the same as a living will.

C. It names another person to make decisions for you.

D. Any competent person over 18 can be chosen. The person does not have to be attorney.

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问题 174: 4. The author recalls the history of physician / patient relationships and explains three models. Which of the following is not mentioned?

选项:

A. Engineering model.

B. Theocratic model.

C. Integrated model.

D. Cooperative model.

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问题 175: 5. In the physician / patient relationships, if doctors know a lot, patients know a lot too. Which model does it refer to?

选项:

A. Engineering model.

B. Theocratic model.

C. Cooperative model.

D. None of the above.

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问题 176: 6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about making a living will?

选项:

A. You are required to have all the statements filled out in making a living will.

B. If desired you may skip everything and simply indicate the name of your proxy, the person who will speak on your behalf should become incapable of making your treatment decisions known.

C. After the living will is completed, it must be signed by you and two witnesses or a notary public to become legal.

D. You must give your living will to your doctor or health care provider and you should ask your doctor to write out an order to carry out the terms of your living will.

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问题 177: 7. We often need to hear a message repeated, because we often don’t “get it” the first time. What does “get it” mean here in paragraph 1?

选项:

A. Take it

B. Understand it.

C. Put it.

D. Buy it.

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问题 178: 8. We are talking about the subject of living wills, patient rights and self-determination in terminal health care. What does “terminate” mean here in paragraph 2?

选项:

A. Station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods.

B. A contact on an electrical device (such as a batter) at which electric current enters or leaves.

C. Either extremity of something that has length.

D. Causing or ending in or approaching death.

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问题 179: 9. While the trend in health care over the past twenty years has been toward patient empowerment, physicians are still ultimately responsible for the health care decisions made in a patient’s treatment. What does “empowerment” mean?

选项:

A. Taking power from.

B. Giving power to.

C. Sharing power with.

D. Splitting power between.

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问题 180: 10. For what situations are living wills created?

选项:

A. In the emergency room.

B. In the operating room.

C. In the ICU.

D. When the patient is perhaps out of intensive care and being kept alive with machinery.

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问题 181: 1. Which model of the three can best describe the doctor-patient relationship in the two cases respectively?

选项:

A. Case 1: theocratic model;case 2: cooperative model

B. Case 1: cooperative model;case 2: engineering model

C. Case 1: engineering model;case 2: theocratic model

D. Case 1: theocratic model;case 2: engineering model

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问题 182: 2. What does “paternalism” mean when it refers to the doctor-patient relationship?

选项:

A. It means patients act like the doctor’s partner to treat the illness.

B. It means doctors treat patients like disciples and naturally make decisions for them.

C. It means the doctor-patient relationship remains the same for thousands of years.

D. It means patients should have the right to make their own decisions.

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问题 183: 3. Which of the following is the feature of engineering model?

选项:

A. The doctor makes all decisions.

B. The doctor treats patients as illnesses rather than persons.

C. The doctor implements the patient’s decision.

D. The doctor does not take the patient’s value system into account.

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问题 184: 1. Who of the following can be your power of attorney?

选项:

A. A member of your faith community

B. Your spouse

C. Your friends

D. All of the above

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问题 185: 2. Which one of the following statements about the advance directive is NOT true?

选项:

A. Advance directive is also called end-of-life document.

B. Advance directive is the legal instruction regarding your preferences for medical care.

C. Advance directive guides choices for doctors and caregivers if you're terminally ill.

D. Advance directive is just for senior citizens.

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问题 186: 3. Which of the following are patients' rights?

选项:

A. The rights to informed consent

B. The rights to confidentiality of medical information

C. The rights to continuity of medical care

D. The rights to refuse medical care

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问题 187: 1. Under what circumstances should a person alter his/her living will?

选项:

A. A person can alter his/her living will every 8 years.

B. A person can alter his/her living will when the doctor tells him/her to do so.

C. A person can alter his/her living will when he/she feels uncomfortable.

D. A person can alter his/her living will when he/she gets married.

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问题 188: 2. When can the advance directives guide choices for doctors and caregivers?

选项:

A. In the late stages of dementia.

B. In a coma.

C. Near the end of life.

D. All of the above.

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问题 189: 3. Why is a durable power of attorney needed in addition to a living will?

选项:

A. Because not all situations can be anticipated.

B. Because every situation will require someone to make a judgment for you.

C. Because to have a living will means to choose a durable power of attorney.

D. Because you trust your attorney.

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问题 190: 4. Which of the following is the medical decision one has to make in a living will?

选项:

A. Tube feeding

B. CPR

C. Antibiotics or antiviral medications

D. Euthanasia

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问题 191: 1. The woman speaker said the advance directive is like a __________.

选项:

A. will

B. legal document

C. wedding vow

D. contract

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问题 192: 2. Which statement on the description on a patient's prognosis of 55 percent of physicians is correct?

选项:

A. 55 percent of physicians paint a rosier picture than their honest opinions.

B. 55 percent of physicians' opinions on the prognosis are quite honest and frank.

C. 55 percent of physicians believe that they should tell the truth to the their patients' family members.

D. 55 percent of physicians just let their patients find the prognosis by themselves.

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问题 193: 3. Which statement is not right about what Paul did to make his life worth living with lung cancer?

选项:

A. He continued to act as a neurosurgeon.

B. He wrote a memoir.

C. He witnessed the birth of his daughter.

D. He gave up on treatment.

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问题 194: 1. Which is not true about Hippocrates?

选项:

A. He was a great physician.

B. He was born in Greece.

C. He was regarded as the forefather of medicine.

D. He travelled all over the world to practice medicine.

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问题 195: 2. What do the two names of “Hygieia” and “Panaceia” mean respectively?

选项:

A. Cleanness; wellbeing

B. Hygiene; welfare

C. Health; healing all

D. Tidiness; treating all

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问题 196: 3. Who does the word “him” refer to in the sentence “To consider dear to me as my parents him who taught me this art”?

选项:

A. The father of medicine

B. The teacher.

C. Hippocrates.

D. The disciple.

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问题 197: 4. What does the word “art” mean in the sentence “To consider dear to me as my parents him who taught me this art”?

选项:

A. Human’s creativity.

B. Creative thinking.

C. Skill and knowledge of being a physician.

D. Talent and knack.

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问题 198: 5. According to the text, who could be taught medical knowledge in the time when Hippocratic Oath was written?

选项:

A. The sons of physicians and those who enrolled in medicine and adhered to the rules of the profession.

B. The general public.

C. Only the sons of physicians.

D. The sons of physicians’ teachers.

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问题 199: 6. Which of the following may cause harm to patients according to the text?

选项:

A. Physicians prescribed regimen to patients.

B. Physicians never gave advice to end patients’ life.

C. Physicians cut for stone if necessary.

D. Physicians refused to help a woman have abortion.

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问题 200: 7. Why cannot I cut for stone even for a patient whose disease is obvious according to the text?

选项:

A. Because I am not confident.

B. Because I must stick with the purity of my work and do not interfere with the work beyond my domain.

C. Because it isn’t my interest.

D. Because it isn’t my responsibility.

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问题 201: 8. Which is not the thing that a physician should do?

选项:

A. Bringing benefits to patients.

B. Avoiding all kinds of temptations.

C. Stopping having romance with patients.

D. Discussing patients’ disease openly.

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问题 202: 9. What is the meaning of the sentence of “All that may come to my knowledge in the exercise of my profession or in daily commerce with men, which ought not to be spread abroad, I will keep secret and will never reveal”?

选项:

A. The knowledge I learn at work and from communications mustn’t be told to others.

B. The knowledge about how to do my work and make communications with others should be kept secret.

C. If the information I have known when I am doing my work and making routine communication should not be spread, I will not expose it and make it secret forever.

D. The information I have learned in the exercise at work and from communications should not be revealed and I will keep it in the dark.

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问题 203: 10. What do the words “the reverse” mean in the sentence “but if I swerve from it or violate it, may the reverse be my lot”?

选项:

A. The misfortune.

B. The oppositeness.

C. The upside-down.

D. The wickedness.

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问题 204: 1. Complete the following sentences with words from the text given.

选项:

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问题 205: 1. Apollo is one of the Roman gods associated with medicine, light and truth.

选项:

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问题 206: 2. Medical students should see and treat their teachers as their beloved parents.

选项:

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问题 207: 3. The instruction of medicine should be restricted to the sons of physicians.

选项:

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问题 208: 4. A physician can prescribe what his patients need to make them pleased.

选项:

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问题 209: 5. A physician should do nothing that may lead to a patient's death.

选项:

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问题 210: 6. A physician should never help a woman with abortion.

选项:

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问题 211: 7. A good physician is able to treat patients in all circumstances.

选项:

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问题 212: 8. Physicians should never have romance or any engagement with patients.

选项:

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问题 213: 9. Physicians ought to keep everything related to patients in the dark.

选项:

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问题 214: 10. Bringing good to patients is one of the important spirits of the Hippocratic Oath.

选项:

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问题 215: 1. _____ is considered as the father of Western medicine.

选项:

A. Hippocrates

B. Asclepius

C. Hygieia

D. Apollo

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问题 216: 2. People of Hippocratic time considered that illness were caused by the following except for ______

选项:

A. disfavor from the gods

B. possession by evil spirit

C. four bodily fluids

D. superstition

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问题 217: 3. The World Health Organization uses ______ in its logo.

选项:

A. the Rod of Hygieia

B. the Rod of Panacea

C. the Rod of Apollo

D. the Rod of Asclepius

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问题 218: 1. Except for _____, the following are regarded as medical ethics.

选项:

A. preserve the purity

B. keep all secret

C. respect teachers

D. never do harm

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问题 219: 2. According to Information Theory, The Hippocratic Oath can be divided into ______ parts.

选项:

A. two

B. one

C. four

D. three

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问题 220: 1. Britain, in __________ with many other industrialized countries, has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.

选项:

A. common

B. contrast

C. agreement

D. accordance

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问题 221: 2. Within the sentence “In every house where I come I will enter only for the good of my patients, keeping myself far from all intentional ill-doing and all seduction and especially from the pleasures of love with women or with men, be they free or slaves.” , the underlined clause stressed the medical ethic of ______

选项:

A. treating patients seriously

B. treating patients equally

C. treating patients differently

D. treating patients unfairly

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问题 222: 1. What is the fundamental principle when a physician deals with the things at work?

选项:

A. Making no difference between rich and poor.

B. Exercising his greatest conscientiousness.

C. What he tries most must be aimed at helping restore human's health and relieve their sufferings.

D. Sacrificing his rest, advantages and comforts.

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问题 223: 2. What can make a physician free from guilt according to the text?

选项:

A. His conscience.

B. His great knowledge.

C. His fondness of experimenting.

D. His clean mind and strong belief in trying his utmost to save his patients.

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问题 224: 3. Which of the following is NOT the main characteristic of a physician's proper behaviors?

选项:

A. Always making firm decisions.

B. Confidence and friendly.

C. Respect for different religions.

D. Happy but not funny.

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问题 225: 4. What can be counted as a meaningful physician's visit according to the text?

选项:

A. Often repeated.

B. Of sufficient duration.

C. Careful mind with considerations and enough time.

D. With purposes.

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问题 226: 5. Which is one of the reasons why the physician who degrades his colleague amounts to degrading himself and his work?

选项:

A. Because nothing is more difficult than to judge others.

B. Because physicians should not talk about others.

C. Because it will cause the general public dislike.

D. Because it will destroy the public trust in all physicians.

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问题 227: 1. Be _____ of the maxim that evil actions will bring retribution.

选项:

A. remember

B. memory

C. careful

D. mindful

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问题 228: 2. I don't want to listen to him to pronounce on the complaint waiter with affectation, which will create ______.

选项:

A. excitement

B. confidence

C. sensation

D. disturbance

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问题 229: 3. This charlatan executed his plan and _____ his life by selling the so-called panacea.

选项:

A. remained

B. retained

C. sustained

D. attained

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问题 230: 4. His words _____ us unhappy.

选项:

A. rendered

B. reminded

C. minded

D. rented

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问题 231: 5. So to speak, patients don't call for commiseration and they are entitled to know the ______ of restoring their health.

选项:

A. prosperity

B. prospect

C. precaution

D. proverb

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问题 232: 6. It behooves judges to be ______ making judgments free from any sentiment.

选项:

A. promised to

B. entitled to

C. reassured about

D. committed to

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问题 233: 7. The sick man had ______ drugs to relieve his pain.

选项:

A. recourse to

B. relied on

C. restored to

D. turned in

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问题 234: 8. Why do they scoff at the ideas ______ theirs?

选项:

A. opposed

B. in opposition to

C. in contradiction

D. opposing to

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问题 235: 9. The truth is supreme and will ______.

选项:

A. prevail

B. avail

C. access

D. arise

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问题 236: 10. He is insinuating to us that the patient is _______ the doctor.

选项:

A. speaking bad of

B. speaking badly of

C. speaking ill of

D. speaking good of

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问题 237: 1. The 3 primary skills taught in narrative medicine are called “________”, “_________”and “_________”.

选项:

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问题 238: 2. Two core components of narrative medicine education are _______ and ________.

选项:

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问题 239: 1. Which of the following is not the aspect of narrative text?

选项:

A. Frame

B. Plot

C. Conversation

D. Time

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问题 240: 2. The state of satisfied exhaustion distinguishes close readers from casual readers.

选项:

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问题 241: 3. As the story's teller, the narrator should be always reliable.

选项:

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问题 242: 1. Which of the following can be referred to as patient-centred narrative which reveal the connections between the lay person's experience and deeper cultural levels of meaning attached to illness and suffering?

选项:

A. Core story

B. Contingent story

C. Congruent Story

D. Moral Story

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问题 243: 2. Which of the following is not a key component of parallel chart?

选项:

A. Tempo

B. Coda

C. Resolution

D. Complicating action

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问题 244: 3. Which of the following is the principle guiding clinicians to share their parallel chart with colleagues?

选项:

A. Honor the text

B. Make positive comments

C. Read the text aloud

D. Listen for each writer's style

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问题 245: 1. When the story begins, where are the two main characters?

选项:

A. Fine restaurant

B. Bar

C. Train Station

D. Hotel

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问题 246: 2. What does the girl set on the table before asking the man what they should drink?

选项:

A. Her hat.

B. Her sunglasses.

C. Her gloves.

D. Her purse.

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问题 247: 3. What is the man's name?

选项:

A. His name isn't revealed to the reader.

B. Jack

C. Jim

D. John

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问题 248: 4. How does the man react when the girl comments that the hills in the isolated valley look like white elephants?

选项:

A. He says nothing.

B. He laughs and agrees.

C. He tells her he's never seen one.

D. He changes the subject.

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问题 249: 5. What kind of operation does the man want the girl to have?

选项:

A. rhinoplasty (nose job)

B. a hysterectomy

C. an abortion

D. breast implants

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问题 250: 6. What does the man tell the girl they could have if she had the operation?

选项:

A. His love.

B. Her freedom.

C. Anything she wants for the rest of her life.

D. The whole world.

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问题 251: 7. The man orders both of them a drink the girl hasn't ever had before. What does she say it tastes like?

选项:

A. Strawberries.

B. Licorice.

C. Lemons.

D. Kiwi.

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问题 252: 8. What does the girl ask the man to do for her or she'll start screaming if he doesn't?

选项:

A. tell her he loves her

B. stop talking

C. go away

D. tell her a funny story

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问题 253: 9. Why does the man order for the girl every time they order drinks?

选项:

A. The girl doesn't speak Spanish.

B. The girl is shy and wants him to order for her.

C. The girl is indecisive so the man decides for her.

D. The man is a controlling person and won't let the girl talk for herself.

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问题 254: 10. At the end of the story, the man asks the girl if she feels better. How does she answer him?

选项:

A. "I feel fine, there is nothing wrong with me, I feel fine."

B. "I'll be happy as long as you're happy."

C. "Wonderful. Just wonderful."

D. "I feel sick."

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